Carrying on
Progress is made on speaking with one voice on foreign affairs; closer defence cooperation.

     Nothing but the single market
Some foreign policy issues are increasingly dealt with bilaterally; defence cooperation remains as it is today.

     Those who want more do more
As in “Carrying on” except for a group of countries who deepen cooperation on defence, focusing on military coordination and joint equipment.

     Doing less more efficiently
The EU speaks with one voice on all foreign policy issues; a European Defence Union is created.

     Doing much more together
As in “Doing less more efficiently”, the EU speaks with one voice on all foreign policy issues; a European Defence Union is created.

High